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My research is focussed on the degradation of structural materials and the role of microstructure. A significant proportion of this work is related to materials utilised in the nuclear industry. This work was been funded by organisations including EPSRC, Rolls-Royce, British Energy, EdF, the Health and Safety Executive (Nuclear Installations Inspectorate), Ministry of Defence and the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority. A key aspect is the investigation of fundamental mechanisms of damage accumulation using novel materials characterisation techniques. This has concentrated recently on computed X-ray tomography and strain mapping by digital image correlation, which I now plan to apply to studies of the degradation of Generation IV nuclear materials such as graphite and silicon carbide composites.

The next generation of nuclear power systems must be demonstrably safer, proliferation resistant and efficient. They will not provide power for some decades to come. Their development requires new high temperature fuels and structural materials with resistance to irradiation. This can only be achieved through fundamental understanding of materials microstructure and the mechanisms of materials ageing.

Research in engineering materials for energy generation is not a quick-fix topic. New materials take from 15-20 years to come into service, and then are expected to be in service for 40-80 years. The key physical mechanisms that determine manufactured performance, and how these properties age in service, are not very well understood, and mistakes in materials selection can have enormous financial and social implications.

Prediction is a major challenge, and deep understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of materials aging is essential to identify and avoid potential "cliff-edges" in future materials performance.

Three-dimensional damage nucleation in nuclear materials
Professor J. Marrow, M Mostafavi (James Martin Research Fellow)
This project, funded by the Oxford Martin School, aims to develop methods for quantitative three-dimensional characterisation of damage nucleation in advanced nuclear materials (e.g. graphite and SiC-SiC composites), using high-resolution tomography and digital image correlation. As well as researching relationships between microstructure, stress state and damage nucleation and coalescence, the project aims to improve test methods for strength measurement and structural integrity assessment in advanced nuclear materials. The project started in July 2011, and is closely aligned with the European Energy Research Alliance Joint Program (EERA JP) on Structural Materials for Innovative Nuclear Systems.

Stress concentration behaviour in radiolytic-oxidised graphite
Matthew Jordan, Prof. James Marrow, Prof. David Nowell
This industrial CASE EPSRC studentship PhD project, supported by EDF Energy, aims to understand the effects of stress concentrations, such as keyway roots, on the fracture strength of radiolytic-oxidised nuclear graphite components.  Its objective is a notch-sensitivity strength test, using a sharp corner, which could be used on specimens of radiolyically-oxidised graphite, machined from the small samples extracted from reactor cores. A modelling framework for component and specimen strength will be developed, calibrated by small specimen tests, such as those used to monitor graphite material properties.  It will be supported by a program of tests to investigate the effects of specimen size on notch sensitivity, in particular the validity of data obtained from tests on small, notched specimens, in a range of quasi-brittle model materials. 

Microstructure-based modelling of crack nucleation and growth in nuclear graphite
Dr Yelena Vertyagina, Prof. James Marrow
This project, funded by EDF Energy, aims to improve confidence in the prediction of the fracture strength of radiolytically-oxided graphite components in advanced gas-cooled reactors (AGR) from small specimen test data.  This will be done through the development of a microstructure-representative fracture model for polygranular graphite, which addresses interactions between microstructure heterogeneity, strain state and crack development and accounts for the effects of fast neutron irradiation and radiolytic oxidation.  The objective is to obtain an improved strength criterion for crack initiation, and determine whether this supports the conservatism of the maximum principle stress criterion currently used in the EDF brick cracking models. The model will be validated by comparison with experimental data from virgin and fast neutron irradiated radiolytically-oxidised graphite.  It will be applied to predict the fracture behaviour of fast neutron irradiated radiolytically-oxidised polygranular nuclear graphite at stress concentrations, addressing in particular the influence of microstructure heterogeneity on strength variability and the extent of stable crack extension prior to unstable fracture. The specific objectives are to: Obtain experimental observations to define the criteria for short crack propagation in virgin nuclear graphite (and suitable heterogeneous model materials), in three-dimensions and two-dimensions, under different states of loading. Develop a model framework to predict the onset of crack nucleation, stable crack propagation and unstable fracture in a heterogeneous microstructure. Use available experimental data on the elastic properties, flexural strength and work of fracture of fast neutron irradiated, radiolytically oxidised polygranular nuclear graphite to understand their effects on mean strength and data scatter (i.e. statistics of strength) and hence predict the fracture behaviour of radiolytically oxidised polygranular nuclear graphite in a wider range of conditions. Predict the fracture behaviour of fast neutron irradiated, radiolytically oxidised polygranular nuclear graphite at stress concentrations, addressing in particular the influence of microstructure heterogeneity on the extent of stable crack extension prior to unstable fracture and the statistics of strength. 

QUBE: QUasi-Brittle fracture: a 3D Experimentally-validated approach
Dr Luis Saucedo Mora, Prof. James Marrow
By improving basic understanding of damage mechanisms, we aim to create a framework to predict fracture behaviour and strength of quasi-brittle materials, validated by unique experimental observations of damage development at the microstructural scale. The challenge of different length-scales will be overcome by protocols for large-scale cellular automata finite element simulations of damage from high fidelity, three-dimensional descriptions of microstructure and damage mechanisms. The project is aimed at the integrity of quasi-brittle materials, particularly those used in the nuclear energy sector, such as nuclear graphite.  The project is funde by EPSRC (), with partners including the University of Bristol, University of Manchester, EDF, Amec, ONR, Magnox and Arup. This is the first systematic research to bridge the gap between experimental advances in observation and computational modelling of damage and fracture in complex materials. Three-dimensional nonlinear fracture modelling methods will be physically validated for the first time. The development and integration of a series of numerical models and methods; 3D cohesive fracture modelling, representation of random heterogeneity, generation of 3D FE meshes from tomography, Monte Carlo simulations and multiscale modelling represent major advances in theories and applications of computational mechanics. It will provide a powerful tool for fracture modelling of structures of quasi-brittle materials and an innovative method for their reliability assessment.

4 public active projects

Summary of publications on ORCID

 

Duff, J. A., & Marrow, T. J. (2013). In situ observation of short fatigue crack propagation in oxygenated water at elevated temperature and pressure. Corrosion Science, 68, 34–43. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2012.10.030

Lasithiotakis, M., Marsden, B. J., & Marrow, T. J. (2013). Annealing of ion irradiation damage in nuclear graphite. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 434(1-3), 334–346. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.12.001

Mostafavi, M., McDonald, S. A., Mummery, P. M., & Marrow, T. J. Observation and quantification of three-dimensional crack propagation in poly-granular graphite. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, (2013). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.11.023

Aswad, M. A., & Marrow, T. J. (2012). Intergranular crack nuclei in polycrystalline alumina. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 95, 29–36. doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.08.005

Becker, T. H., Mostafavi, M., Tait, R. B., & Marrow, T. J. (2012). An approach to calculate the J-integral by digital image correlation displacement field measurement. Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,  35 ( 10 ) pp. 971 - 984 

Duff, J. A., & Marrow, T. J. (2012). In situ observation of short fatigue crack propagation in oxygenated water at elevated temperature and pressure. Corrosion Science, 68(3), 34–43. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2012.10.030

Kovac, J. ., Marrow, T. J. ., Govekar, E. ., & Legat, A. . (2012). Detection and characterisation of intergranular stress-corrosion cracking on austenitic stainless steel. Materials and Corrosion, 63(8), 664–673. 

Marrow, T. J., Mostafavi, M., Macdonald, S., & Mummery, P. M. (2012). Observation and quantification of three-dimensional crack propagation in poly-granular graphite. 19th European Conference on Fracture, ECF19. Kazan, Russia.

Mostafavi, M. ., Schmidt, M. J. J. ., Marsden, B. J. ., & Marrow, T. J. . (2012). Fracture behaviour of an anisotropic polygranular graphite (PGA). Materials Science and Engineering A, 558, 265–277. 

S Rahimi, T J Marrow (2012) Effects of orientation, stress and exposure time on short intergranular stress corrosion crack behaviour in sensitised type 304 austenitic stainless steel, 359-373. In Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 35 (4).

M Mostafavi, T J Marrow (2012) Quantitative in situ study of short crack propagation in polygranular graphite by digital image correlation, 695-707. In Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 35 (8).

M Herbig, A King, P Reischig et al. (2011) 3-D growth of a short fatigue crack within a polycrystalline microstructure studied using combined diffraction and phase-contrast X-ray tomography, 590-601. In Acta Materialia 59 (2).

L Babout, M Janaszewski, T J Marrow et al. (2011) A method for the 3-D quantification of bridging ligaments during crack propagation, 131-134. In Scripta Materialia 65 (2).

S Rahimi, D L Engelberg, T J Marrow (2011) A new approach for DL-EPR testing of thermo-mechanically processed austenitic stainless steel, 4213-4222. In Corrosion Science 53 (12).

T H Becker, T J Marrow, R B Tait (2011) An Evaluation of the Double Torsion Technique, 1511-1526. In Experimental Mechanics 51 (9).

T H Becker, T J Marrow, R B Tait (2011) Damage, crack growth and fracture characteristics of nuclear grade graphite using the Double Torsion technique, 32-43. In Journal of Nuclear Materials 414 (1).

A King, W Ludwig, D Engelberg et al. (2011) Diffraction contrast tomography for the study of polycrystalline stainless steel microstructures and stress corrosion cracking, 47-50. In Revue de Metallurgie. Cahiers D'Informations Techniques 108 (1).

M Mostafavi, T J Marrow (2011) In situ observation of crack nuclei in poly-granular graphite under ring-on-ring equi-biaxial and flexural loading, 1756-1770. In Engineering Fracture Mechanics 78 (8).

A King, W Ludwig, M Herbig et al. (2011) Three-dimensional in situ observations of short fatigue crack growth in magnesium, 6761-6771. In Acta Materialia 59 (17).

T.H. Becker, M. Mostafavi, R.B. Tait, T.J. Marrow, An Approach to Calculate the J-Integral by Digital Image Correlation Displacement Field Measurement, Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, accepted for publication 2012

M. Lasithiotakis, B.J. Marsden, T.J. Marrow, Application of an independent parallel reactions model on the annealing kinetics of BEPO irradiated graphite, J. Nuclear Materials, Volume 427, Issues 1–3, August 2012, Pages 95–109

Babout, L. ; Janaszewski, M. ; Bakavos, D. ; McDonald, S.A. ; Prangnell, P.B. ; Marrow, T.J. ; Withers, P.J.3D inspection of fabrication and degradation processes from X-ray (micro) tomography images using a hole closing algorithm, Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST), 2010 IEEE International Conference on 1-2 July 2010

M Mostafavi and TJ Marrow, Quantitative in situ study of short crack propagation in polygranular graphite by digital image correlation, Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures (2012) DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2012.01648.x, In press.

M Herbig, J Marrow, J-Y Buffiere, A King, W Ludwig, H Proudhon, P Reischig, N Stevens, A Khan, E Lauridsen, A new dimension in short fatigue crack characterisation, ESRF Highlights 2011, Structure of Materials, pp 31-32 

M. Mostafavi and T.J. Marrow, In situ observation of crack nuclei in poly-granular graphite under ring-on-ring equi-biaxial and flexural loading, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Volume 78, Issue 8, May 2011, Pages 1756-1770

S. Al Shahrani, T. J, Marrow, Influence of Twins on Short Fatigue Cracks in Type 316L Stainless Steel, Key Engineering Materials (2011), 465, 507

Herbig, M , King, A., Reischig, P, Proudhon, H., Lauridsen, E.M, Marrow, J, Buffiere, J.-Y., Ludwig, W., 3-D growth of a short fatigue crack within a polycrystalline microstructure studied using combined diffraction and phase-contrast X-ray tomography, Acta Materialia Volume 59, Issue 2, January 2011, Pages 590-601 

King, A., Ludwig, W., Engelberg, D., Marrow, T.J., Diffraction contrast tomography for the study of polycrystalline stainless steel microstructures and stress corrosion cracking, Revue de Metallurgie. Cahiers D'Informations Techniques, Volume 108, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 47-50 

King, A., Ludwig, W., Herbig, M., Buffiere, J.-Y., Khan, A.A., Stevens, N., Marrow, T.J. Three-dimensional in situ observations of short fatigue crack growth in magnesium, Acta Materialia, Volume 59, Issue 17, October 2011, Pages 6761-6771 

S. Rahimi and T. J. Marrow, Effects of orientation, stress and exposure time on short intergranular stress corrosion crack behaviour in sensitised type 304 austenitic stainless steel, Fatigue Fract Engng Mater Struct, 2012, 35,359–373

S. Rahimi, D.L. Engelberg, T.J. Marrow, A New Approach for DL-EPR Testing of Thermo-Mechanically Processed Austenitic Stainless Steel, Corrosion Science, Volume 53, Issue 12, December 2011, Pages 4213-4222

T.H. Becker, T.J. Marrow, R.B. Tait, An Evaluation of the Double Torsion Technique, Experimental Mechanics, DOI 10.1007/s11340-011-9468-1, Experimental Mechanics, 51 (9) pp. 1511-1526.

A. Hodgkins, T. J. Marrow, M. R. Wootton, R. Moskovic and P. E. J. Flewitt, Fracture behaviour of radiolytically oxidised reactor core graphites: a view, Materials Science and Technology, Volume 26, Number 8, August 2010 , pp. 899-907(9)

T. Hashimoto, X. Zhou, C. Luo, K. Kawano, G.E. Thompson, A.E. Hughes, P. Skeldon, P.J. Withers, T.J. Marrow and A.H. Sherry, Nanotomography for understanding materials degradation, Scripta Materialia, Volume 63, Issue 8, October 2010, Pages 835-838

T.H. Becker, T.J. Marrow, R.B. Tait, Damage, crack growth and fracture characteristics of nuclear grade graphite using the Double Torsion technique, J Nucl. Mater, Volume 414, Issue 1, 1 July 2011, Pages 32-43

T. Hashimoto, X. Zhou, C. Luo, K. Kawano, G.E. Thompson, A.E. Hughes, P. Skeldon, P.J. Withers, T.J. Marrow and A.H. Sherry, Nanotomography for understanding materials degradation, Scripta Materialia, Volume 63, Issue 8, October 2010, Pages 835-838

J. Kovac, C. Alaux, T.J. Marrow, E. Govekar, A Legat, Correlations of electrochemical noise, acoustic emission and complementary monitoring techniques during intergranular stress-corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel, Corrosion Science 52 (2010) 2015–2025.

King A., Herbig M., Ludwig W., Reischig P., Lauridsen E.M., Marrow T., Buffiere J.Y. - Non-destructive analysis of micro texture and grain boundary character from X-ray diffraction contrast tomography, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 268,  291-296 (2010)

A, King, N. Schell, R.V. Martins, F. Beckmann, H-U Ruhnau, R, Kiehn, J. Marrow, W. Ludwig, A Schreyer, Grain tracking at the high energy materials science beamline of the Petra III synchrotron radiation source, Materials Science Forum, 652, (2010), pp70-73

W. Ludwig, P. Reischig, A. King, M. Herbig, E.M. Lauridsen, T.J. Marrow, J.Y. Buffière, 3D grain mapping by X-ray diffraction contrast tomography and the use of Friedel pairs in diffraction data analysis, Review of Scientific Instruments, 80, 033905 (2009)

S. Rahimi, D Engelberg and T.J. Marrow, Characterisation of Grain Boundary Cluster Compactness in an Austenitic Stainless Steel (2010), Materials Science and Technology, Volume 26, Number 6, pp. 670-675

R. Jones, V. Randle, D. Engelberg, T.J. Marrow, Five-parameter grain boundary analysis of a grain boundary-engineered austenitic stainless steel, Journal of Microscopy, Volume 233, Number 3, March 2009 , pp. 417-422(6)

A. King, M. Herbig, W. Ludwig, P. Reischig, E.M. Lauridsen, T. Marrow, J.Y. Buffière, Non-destructive analysis of micro texture and grain boundary character from X-ray diffraction contrast tomography (2009), Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 268 (2010) 291–296

W. Ludwig, A. King, P. Reischig, M. Herbig, E.M. Lauridsen, S. Schmidt, H. Proudhon, S. Forest, P. Cloetens, S. Rolland du Roscoat, J.Y. Bufï¬ï¿½ère, T. Marrow, H.F. Poulsen, New opportunities for 3D materials science of polycrystalline materials at the micrometre lengthscale by combined use of X-ray diffraction and X-ray imaging (2009), Materials Science and Engineering A, Materials Science and Engineering A 524, 69-76 (2009)

A. King, G. Johnson, D. Engelberg, W. Ludwig and J. Marrow. Observations of intergranular stress corrosion cracking in a grain-mapped polycrystal (2008) Science, 321 (5887), pp. 382-385.

L. Babout, B.J. Marsden, P.M. Mummery and T.J. Marrow.  Three-dimensional characterization and thermal property modelling of thermally oxidized nuclear graphite, (2008) Acta Materialia, 56 (16), pp. 4242-4254.

D.L. Engelberg, R.C. Newman and T.J. Marrow.  Effect of thermomechanical process history on grain boundary control in an austenitic stainless steel (2008) Scripta Materialia, 59 (5), pp. 554-557.

S. Rahimi, D.L. Engelberg, J.A. Duff and T.J. Marrow. In-situ Observation of Intergranular Crack Nucleation in a Grain Boundary Controlled Austenitic Stainless Steel, (2009) Journal of Microscopy, (233), pp. 423–431

C. Berre, S.L. Fok, P.M. Mummery, J. Ali, B.J. Marsden, T.J. Marrow, G.B. Neighbour, Failure analysis of the effects of porosity in thermally oxidised nuclear graphite using finite element modelling, (2008) Journal of Nuclear Materials, 381, (1-2), pp 1-8.

A.N. Jones, G.N. Hall, M. Joyce, A. Hodgkins, K. Wen, T.J. Marrow, B.J. Marsden, Microstructural characterisation of nuclear grade graphite, (2008) Journal of Nuclear Materials, 381, (1-2), pp 152-157.

L. Lin, H. Li, A.S.L. Fok, M. Joyce, J. Marrow, Characterization of heterogeneity and nonlinearity in material properties of nuclear graphite using an inverse method, (2008) Journal of Nuclear Materials, 381, (1-2), pp 158-164.

K. Wen, J. Marrow and B. Marsden. Microcracks in nuclear graphite and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) (2008) Journal of Nuclear Materials, 381, (1-2), pp 199-203.

M.R. Joyce and T.J. Marrow. Microstructural scale strain localisation in nuclear graphite (2008) Journal of Nuclear Materials, 381, (1-2), pp 171-176.

M. Lasithiotakis, B. Marsden, J. Marrow and A. Willets.  Application of an independent parallel reactions model on the annealing kinetics to irradiated graphite waste (2008) Journal of Nuclear Materials, 381, (1-2), pp 83-91.

C. Berre, S.L. Fok, B.J. Marsden, P.M. Mummery, T.J. Marrow and G.B. Neighbour.  Microstructural modelling of nuclear graphite using multi-phase models (2008) Journal of Nuclear Materials, 380, (1-3), pp 46-58.

M.R. Joyce, T.J. Marrow, P. Mummery and B.J. Marsden.  Observation of microstructure deformation and damage in nuclear graphite (2008) Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 75 (12), pp. 3633-3645.

M. Kuroda and T.J. Marrow.  (2008) Modeling the effects of surface finish on fatigue limit in austenitic stainless steels, Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, Vol. 31 (7), pp. 581-598.

M. Kuroda and T.J. Marrow. Preparation of fatigue specimens with controlled surface characteristics (2008) Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 203 (1-3), pp. 396-403.

D.L. Engelberg, F.J. Humphreys and T.J. Marrow. The influence of low-strain thermo-mechanical processing on grain boundary network characteristics in type 304 austenitic stainless steel (2008) Journal of Microscopy, 230 (3), pp. 435-444.

G. Johnson, A. King, M.G. Honnicke, J. Marrow and W. Ludwig. X-ray diffraction contrast tomography: A novel technique for three-dimensional grain mapping of polycrystals. II. The combined case (2008) Journal of Applied Crystallography, 41 (2), pp. 310-318.

O.M. Alyousif, D.L Engelberg and T.J. Marrow. Surface grain boundary engineering of shot-peened type 304 stainless steel (2008) Journal of Materials Science, 43 (4), pp. 1270-1277.

L. Shi, H. Li, Z. Zou, A.S.L. Fok, B.J. Marsden, A Hodgkins, P.M. Mummery and J. Marrow. Analysis of crack propagation in nuclear graphite using three-point bending of sandwiched specimens (2008) Journal of Nuclear Materials, 372 (2-3), pp. 141-151.

K.Y. Wen, T.J. Marrow and B.J Marsden. The microstructure of nuclear graphite binders (2008) Carbon, 46 (1), pp. 62-71.

A.P. Jivkov and T.J. Marrow. Rates of intergranular environment assisted cracking in three-dimensional model microstructures (2007) Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 48 (3), pp. 187-202.

 

Three-Dimensional Fracture Mechanics
Prof James Marrow, Prof David Nowell (Engineering)

The fracture resistance of engineering materials is measured using standard test specimens; real cracks and engineering components are three-dimensional and more complex, so approximations and adjustments are needed to reliably assess their structural integrity. Over-conservatism, to safely account for the uncertainties in these adjustments, can have significant economic consequences.  There is also an increasing need to miniaturized test specimens, to monitor the degradation of structural material properties in fission and fusion energy generating power plants.

We are using digital correlation image analysis, combined with new X-ray computed tomography techniques (laboratory and synchrotron), to obtain precise, in-situ, measurements of the material displacements inside solid samples.

You will investigate, by experiment and finite element modelling, the propagation of three-dimensional cracks, to develop novel test methods to study energy materials.

You will collaborate with the Oxford Martin School Research Fellow in the Materials Department, in a project developing tools for three-dimensional studies of materials for energy.  The project is suitable for graduates with an engineering, mathematical or physics background.

Also see homepages: James Marrow

Three-Dimensional Damage in Quasi-Brittle Materials
Prof James Marrow

You will study the three-dimensional development of damage in quasi-brittle materials using three-dimensional image correlation of X-ray tomography data.

Quasi-brittle materials have brittle, porous, aggregate microstructures with a capacity to modify, or limit elastic strain energy storage.  Graphite, concrete and SiC-SiC composites are such materials, and in applications such as 4th generation nuclear fission and fusion power plants their structural integrity is critical.  Knowledge of their damage tolerance is important.

It is critical to be able to predict the circumstances in which microstructure degradation can lead to “cliff-edge” accelerations in the deterioration in mechanical properties.  An understanding of the mechanisms and heterogeneity of damage development in such materials is required to reduce unnecessary conservatism in design and operation.  

You will develop microstructure-based models for three-dimensional and multiple-crack interactions in heterogeneous aggregates, using methods such as cellular automata and image-based finite element modelling, and you investigate how the stress state in small specimens affects damage development.   This will help us understand how their data may be used to predict the behaviour of large and complexly shaped components. 

You will collaborate with the Oxford Martin School Research Fellow in the Materials Department, in a project developing tools for three-dimensional studies of materials for energy.  The project is suitable for graduates with an engineering, mathematical or physics background.

Also see homepages: James Marrow

Full Field 3-Dimensional Studies of Structural Defects by Digital Image Correlation
Professor T J Marrow

We are using 3-dimensional image correlation methods to detect and study cracks by mapping deformations during in situ experiments with X-ray computed tomography.

The aim of this project is to develop new image correlation algorithms for the quantitative analysis of crack-like defects in engineering materials under complex modes of loading.  You will apply your developed algorithms to the experimental characterisation of damage and strain energy release rates in brittle, quasi-brittle and ductile materials.  This will include model brittle materials and real engineering materials such as concretes, ceramic-matrix composites and structural metals under different states of loading.

The project is in collaboration with LaVision UK Ltd, who develop 2D and 3D digital image correlation software.  The project is suitable for graduates with an engineering, mathematical or physics background. 

This project has "top-up funding" provided by LaVision UK Ltd of £2,000 per annum, which is available for any nationality.

Also see homepages: James Marrow

Also see a full listing of New projects available within the Department of Materials.